Toxic Chemicals in Hair Dyes
Hair dyes are cosmetic products used to alter the color and appearance of hair. They contain various ingredients that provide color and help the dye adhere to the hair shaft. Some hair dyes can contain potentially harmful toxic chemicals that pose health risks. Here are some common toxic chemicals found in hair dyes and their associated health concerns.
Toxic Chemicals in Hair Dyes
1. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD)
A common ingredient in permanent hair dyes, PPD is a known allergen and can cause allergic reactions and sensitization, resulting in skin irritation, inflammation, and contact dermatitis. Repeated exposure to PPD can lead to more severe symptoms, including blisters, swelling, and scarring. In some cases, prolonged exposure to PPD has been linked to cancer. (1)
2. Ammonia
A strong alkaline substance used in many hair dyes to help open the hair cuticle, allowing the colorant to penetrate the hair shaft. Prolonged or repeated exposure to ammonia can lead to respiratory problems such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. It can also cause skin irritation and eye damage if it comes into contact with these areas.
3. P-Phenylenesulfonate (PPS)
Another common allergen found in some hair dyes, particularly those used for gray coverage or black hair colors. Like PPD, PPS can cause allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis and skin irritation. Repeated exposure to PPS has been linked to cancer.
4. Lead
Some hair dyes contain trace amounts of lead, which can accumulate in the body over time if used frequently or for extended periods. Long-term exposure to lead can lead to various health issues, including:
* Developmental problems in children
* Cardiovascular disease
* Nervous system damage
* Kidney damage
5. Coal tar and derivatives
These ingredients are found in some hair dyes and are derived from coal. They provide color by interacting with the proteins in your hair, but they can also contain potentially carcinogenic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and xylene. Prolonged exposure to these chemicals can increase the risk of cancer, particularly leukemia and lymphoma. (3) Coal tar carries a level 10 hazard warning from the Environmental Working Group (the highest possible).
6. Peroxides
Hydrogen peroxide or other peroxides are often used in hair dyes to help lift the color from the bottle and deposit it onto your hair. While they are essential for the coloring process, they can cause damage to your hair and scalp if not used properly. Overuse of peroxides can lead to dryness, damage, and thinning of the hair.
To minimize the health risks associated with using hair dyes, consider the following tips:
1. Choose a reputable brand that offers “ammonia-free,” “PPD-free,” or “no harsh chemicals” hair dyes to reduce your exposure to potentially harmful ingredients.
2. Conduct a patch test before using a new hair dye product to ensure you are not allergic to any of the ingredients. Apply a small amount of the dye behind your ear or on the inside of your elbow and wait 48 hours to check for any signs of irritation, redness, or itching.
3. Use protective gloves when applying hair dye to minimize skin contact and reduce the risk of allergic reactions and skin irritation.
4. Follow the instructions carefully, including mixing times and application techniques, to ensure you are using the product safely and effectively.
5. Use a conditioning treatment or deep conditioner before and after coloring your hair to help maintain healthy, hydrated hair and prevent damage from the dyeing process.
6. Consider switching to a natural hair dye if you are concerned about the long-term health risks associated with permanent hair dyes. These types of hair dyes offer more gentle color results that are less likely to cause damage to your hair or scalp. Stick with chemical-free brands with all-natural ingredients.
Safe and Natural Hair Dyes Options
The information here is provided for informational purposes only. It is not presented with the intention of diagnosing or treating any disease or condition. It is in no way intended to substitute for the advice provided by your doctor or other health care professional. (Read more)
Sources:
- The effects of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) on the skin fibroblast cells – https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30474463/
- Hair dye and chemical straightener use and breast cancer risk in a large US population of black and white women – https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijc.32738
- Hair Dyes Linked to Elevated Breast Cancer Risk – https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/922203?src=WNL_trdalrt_191230_MSCPEDIT&uac=149937HJ&impID=2227525&faf=1
- Increased risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma linked to hair dye – https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/increased-risk-of-nonhodgkins-lymphoma-linked-to-hair/